Funda ukuthi ukwelapha ukushisa kungasetshenziswa kanjani kuma-alloys amaningi ensimbi ukuze kuthuthukiswe kakhulu izici ezibonakalayo ezibalulekile njengokuqina, amandla kanye nokusebenziseka kalula.
Isingeniso
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kungasetshenziswa kuma-alloys amaningi ensimbi ukuze kuthuthukiswe kakhulu izakhiwo ezibalulekile zomzimba (isibonelo ubulukhuni, amandla noma ukusebenziseka kalula).Lezi zinguquko zenzeka ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwe-microstructure futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali wento.
Lezo zindlela zokwelapha zibandakanya ukushisisa kwama-alloys ensimbi (okuvame) emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu, okulandelwa isinyathelo sokupholisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo.Izinga lokushisa impahla eshiselwa ngalo, isikhathi egcinwa ngalo kulelo zinga lokushisa kanye nezinga lokupholisa konke kuthinta kakhulu izakhiwo zokugcina ze-alloy yensimbi.
Kulesi sihloko, sibuyekeze izindlela zokwelapha ezishisayo ezihambisana nama-alloys ensimbi asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-CNC machining.Ngokuchaza umthelela walezi zinqubo kuzakhiwo zengxenye yokugcina, lesi sihloko sizokusiza ukuthi ukhethe into efanele yezinhlelo zakho zokusebenza.
Kusetshenziswa nini ukwelapha ukushisa
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kungasetshenziswa kuma-alloys ensimbi kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza.Ezingxenyeni zomshini we-CNC, ukwelashwa kokushisa kuvame ukusetshenziswa noma:
Ngaphambi komshini we-CNC: Uma ibanga elimisiwe lengxubevange yensimbi licelwa elitholakala kalula, umhlinzeki wesevisi ye-CNC uzomshininisela izingxenye ngokuqondile kuleyo nto yesitoko.Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa izikhathi zokuhola.
Ngemuva komshini we-CNC: Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezishisayo zandisa kakhulu ubulukhuni bento noma zisetshenziswa njengesinyathelo sokuqeda ngemva kokwakhiwa.Kulezi zimo, ukwelashwa kokushisa kusetshenziswa ngemuva komshini we-CNC, njengoba ukuqina okuphezulu kunciphisa ukusebenza kwempahla.Ngokwesibonelo, lokhu umkhuba standard lapho CNC machining ithuluzi steel izingxenye.
Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kokushisa kwezinto ze-CNC
I-Annealing, ekhulula ukucindezeleka nokunciphisa
I-anneal, ukushisa kanye nokunciphisa ingcindezi konke kuhilela ukushisisa ingxubevange yensimbi ukuya ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokupholisa okulandelayo kwezinto ngenani eliphansi, ngokuvamile emoyeni noma kuhhavini.Zihluke ngezinga lokushisa impahla eshiselwa kulo futhi ngokulandelana kwenqubo yokukhiqiza.
Lapho i-annealing, insimbi ishiselwa ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu bese ipholiswa kancane ukuze kuzuzwe i-microstructure oyifunayo.I-Annealing ivame ukusetshenziswa kuwo wonke ama-alloys ensimbi ngemva kokwakhiwa nangaphambi kwanoma yikuphi ukucubungula okwengeziwe ukuze athambe futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kwawo.Uma okunye ukwelashwa kokushisa kungashiwongo, izingxenye eziningi zomshini we-CNC zizoba nezinto ezibonakalayo zesimo sokuthunjwa.
Ukunciphisa ingcindezi kuhilela ukushisisa ingxenye kumazinga okushisa aphezulu (kodwa aphansi kune-annealing) futhi ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ngemva komshini we-CNC, ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka okuyinsalela okudalwe kusukela kunqubo yokukhiqiza.Ngale ndlela kukhiqizwa izingxenye ezinezakhiwo ezingaguquki.
I-Tempering iphinde ishise ingxenye ekushiseni okuphansi kune-annealing, futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ngemva kokucisha (bona isigaba esilandelayo) sezinsimbi ezithambile (1045 kanye ne-A36) nezinsimbi ze-alloy (4140 kanye ne-4240) ukuze kuncishiswe ukuqina kwazo nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwazo komshini.
Ukucisha
Ukucisha kuhilela ukushisisa kwensimbi ekushiseni okuphezulu kakhulu, okulandelwa yisinyathelo sokupholisa ngokushesha, ngokuvamile ngokucwilisa impahla emafutheni noma emanzini noma ngokuchaya emoyeni opholile.Ukupholisa okusheshayo "kuvala ngaphakathi" izinguquko ku-microstructure into edlulayo lapho ishiselwa, okuholela ezingxenyeni ezinobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu.
Izingxenye zivame ukucishwa njengesinyathelo sokugcina enqubweni yokukhiqiza ngemuva komshini we-CNC (cabanga ngabakhandi bensimbi abacwilisa izindwani zabo emafutheni), njengoba ubulukhuni obuningi benza izinto zibe nzima kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa.
Izinsimbi zamathuluzi ziyacishwa ngemuva komshini we-CNC ukuze kuzuzwe izakhiwo zawo eziphakeme kakhulu zobulukhuni.Inqubo yokuthambisa ingase isetshenziswe ukulawula ubulukhuni obuwumphumela.Isibonelo, i-Tool steel A2 inobunzima obungu-63-65 Rockwell C ngemva kokucisha kodwa ingakwazi ukuthukuthela ibe ubulukhuni obuphakathi kuka-42 kuya ku-62 HRC.Ukushisa kwandisa impilo yesevisi yengxenye, njengoba kunciphisa ukuqina (imiphumela engcono kakhulu itholakala ngobunzima be-56-58 HRC).
Ukuqina kwemvula (ukuguga)
Ukuqina kwemvula noma ukuguga amagama amabili avame ukusetshenziswa ukuchaza inqubo efanayo.Ukuqina kwemvula kuyisinyathelo sezinyathelo ezintathu: impahla iqala ukushisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, bese icinywa futhi ekugcineni ishise ekushiseni okuphansi isikhathi eside (iminyaka yobudala).Lokhu kubangela ukuthi izakhi zengxubevange eziqale zibonakale njengezinhlayiya ezihlukene zokwakheka okuhlukene zincibilike futhi zisabalalise ngokufanayo ku-matrix yensimbi, ngendlela efanayo lapho ikristalu likashukela lincibilika emanzini lapho isixazululo sishiswa.
Ngemuva kokuqina kwezulu, amandla nobulukhuni bezinhlayiya zensimbi kukhula kakhulu.Isibonelo, i-7075 iyingxube ye-aluminium, evame ukusetshenziswa embonini ye-aerospace, ukwenza izingxenye zamandla aqinile afana nensimbi engagqwali, kuyilapho inesisindo esingaphansi kwezingu-3.
Ukuqina kwekesi & nokungcwatshwa kwe-carburizing
Ukuqina kwekesi kuwumndeni wokwelapha ukushisa okuholela ezingxenyeni ezinokuqina okuphezulu endaweni yazo, kuyilapho izinto ezidwetshelwe zihlala zithambile.Lokhu kuvame ukukhethwa ngaphezu kokukhulisa ubulukhuni bengxenye kuwo wonke umthamo wayo (isibonelo, ngokucisha), njengoba izingxenye eziqinile nazo ziba brittle kakhulu.
I-Carburizing iyindlela evamile yokwelapha ukushisa okuqinile.Kubandakanya ukushisisa kwezinsimbi ezithambile endaweni enekhabhoni ecebile kanye nokucisha okulandelanayo kwengxenye ukuze kukhiywe ikhabhoni ku-matrix yensimbi.Lokhu kwandisa ubulukhuni bobuso bezinsimbi ngendlela efanayo yokuthi i-anodizing ikhuphule ubulukhuni bendawo yama-alloys e-aluminium.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-14-2022